All About the Chapultepec Castle in Mexico City

About the Chapultepec Castle in Mexico City Situated in the core of Mexico City, Chapultepec Castle is a notable site and neighborhood milestone. Possessed since the times of the Aztec Empire, Chapultepec Hill offers an ordering perspective on the rambling city. The fortification was the home of amazing Mexican pioneers including Emperor Maximilian and Porfirio Diaz and assumed a significant job in the Mexican-American War. Today, the palace is home to the top notch National Museum of History. Chapultepec Hill Chapultepec implies â€Å"Hill of the Grasshoppers† in Nahuatl, the language of the Aztecs. The site of the stronghold was a significant milestone to the Aztecs who possessed Tenochtitlan, the antiquated city which would later becomeâ known as Mexico City. The slope was situated on an island in Lake Texcoco where the Mexica individuals made their home. As indicated by legend, the others of the district couldn't have cared less for the Mexica and sent them to the island, at that point known for perilous creepy crawlies and creatures, yet the Mexica ate these nuisances and made the island their own. After the Spanish victory of the Aztec Empire, the Spanish depleted Lake Texcoco to control flooding issues. On the grounds close to the stronghold, at the base of the slope in the recreation center close the Nià ±os Heroesâ monument, there are antiquated glyphs cut into the stone during the rule of the Aztecs. One of the rulers referenced is Montezuma II. The Castle After the fall of the Aztecs in 1521, the slope was generally taken off alone. A Spanish emissary, Bernardo de Glvez, requested a home worked there in 1785, yet he left and the spot was in the long run sold. The slope and arranged structures upon it in the long run turned into the property of the region of Mexico City. In 1833, the new country of Mexico chose to make a military institute there. A significant number of the more established structures of the château date from this time. Mexican-American War and the Hero Children In 1846, the Mexican-American War started. In 1847, the Americans moved toward Mexico City from the east. Chapultepec was strengthened and put under the order of General Nicolas Bravo, a previous leader of the Mexican republic. On September 13, 1847, the Americans expected to take the manor to continue, they did, at that point made sure about the stronghold. As per legend, six youthful cadets stayed at their presents on ward off the intruders. One of them, Juan Escutia, enveloped himself by the Mexican banner and jumped to his demise from the manor dividers, denying the trespassers the respect of expelling the banner from the château. These six youngsters are deified as the Niã ±os Heroes or â€Å"Hero Children† of the war. As indicated by present day history specialists, the story is likely decorated, however the reality remains that Mexican cadets defended the palace valiantly during the Siege of Chapultepec. The Age of Maximilian In 1864, Maximilian of Austria, a youthful European Prince of the Habsburg line, became sovereign of Mexico. In spite of the fact that he talked no Spanish, he was drawn closer by Mexican and French operators who accepted that a steady government would be the best thing for Mexico. Maximilian lived at Chapultepec Castle, which he had modernized and revamped by the European principles of extravagance at the time with marble floors and fine furnishings. Maximilian likewise requested the development of Paseo de la Reforma, which interfaces Chapultepec Castle to the National Palace in the focal point of town. Maximilian’s rule kept going three years until he was caught and executed by powers faithful to Benito Juarez, the leader of Mexico, who kept up he was the authentic head of Mexico during Maximilians rule. Habitation for Presidents In 1876, Porfirio Diaz came to control in Mexico. He took Chapultepec Castle as his official habitation. Like Maximilian, Diaz requested changes and increments to the château. Numerous things from his time are still in the château, including his bed and the work area from which he marked his renunciation as president in 1911. During the Mexican Revolution, different presidents utilized the stronghold as an official living arrangement, including Francisco I. Madero, Venustiano Carranza, and Alvaro Obregã ³n. Following the war, Presidents Plutarco Elias Calles and Abelardo Rodriguez dwelled there. The Castle Today In 1939, President Lazaro Cardenas del Rio announced that Chapultepec Castle would turn into the home of Mexicos National History Museum. The exhibition hall and manor are a well known traveler goal. A significant number of the upper floors and gardens have been reestablished to look as they did during the time of Emperor Maximilian or President Porfirio Diaz, including unique beds, furniture, works of art, and Maximilians extravagant mentor. Additionally, the outside is revamped and incorporates the busts of Charlemagne and Napoleon that had been dispatched by Maximilian. Close to the passage to the mansion is a huge landmark to the fallen during the 1846 Mexican-American War, a landmark to the 201st Air Squadron, a Mexican air unit which battled on the Allies during World War II and old water storages, a gesture to Lake Texcocos previous wonder. Historical center Features The National Museum of History incorporates pre-Colombian curios and shows about antiquated societies of Mexico. Different areas detail significant pieces of Mexican history, for example, the war for autonomy and the Mexican Revolution. Strangely, there is little data about the 1847 Siege of Chapultepec. There are various works of art in the exhibition hall, including acclaimed representations of authentic figures, for example, Miguel Hidalgo and Josã © Marã ­a Morelos. The best compositions are the perfect work of art wall paintings by amazing specialists Juan O’Gorman, Jorge Gonzlez Camarena, Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Siqueiros.

Theoretical Mass of Ethyl-p Aminohenzoic Acid | Experiment

Hypothetical Mass of Ethyl-p Aminohenzoic Acid | Experiment The yield got through this test is 63 of the hypothetical mass of ethyl-p aminohenzoic corrosive. There are hardly any occasions that could be improved so as to give the measure of yield acquired. As a matter of first importance, the nature of reagent utilized is moderately little to gain a decent level of the item. All together for a more noteworthy rate respect be attainted this test, a lot of reagent ought to be utilized. Next to s, that the item is moved into an excessive number of holders over and again. This causes a lost in item between the exchanges. Thusly, less exchange of item ought to be done in this investigation to acquire higher level of yield. Also,. Despite the fact that it was just a little part, it is still abatement the measure of decontaminated yield acquired.. Besides, more insurances ought to be taken while performing recrystallization, for example, including as meager methanol as could be expected under the circumstances. The yield can be improved by augmentin g the development of precious stones. More gems can be shaped by scratching the base of the Erlenmeyer cup with a glass pole and including a precious stones seed into the arrangement. To add on, it ought to be given enough time for gems to be found while the cup is put in the ice water shower. Through this, more yields can be obtained. What is the benefit of utilizing total ethanol instead of utilizing 95% ethanol in this investigation? In the event that the 95% ethanol was utilized the little measure of water present in the weakened ethanol can forestall ester development. This is on the grounds that easter the nearness of water could drive the response to one side. for example rather than acids turning out to be esters from the Alkyl gathering, the esters can become acids in view of the hydrogen from the water. Along these lines, the utilization of total ethanol is favored which will drive the response to right, as opposed to utilizing any types of weakened ethanol that could just adversely impact response for ester arrangement. Why it is critical to include the sulfuric corrosive drop savvy to the ethanolic arrangement of p-aminobenzoic corrosive? Sulfuric corrosive has been demonstrated to be the most effective impetus for esterification. Water is a result of the esterification response, where increment in water amount would the converse response and abatement the yield of the response. In any case, when the response is acted within the sight of a concentrated sulfuric corrosive (hydrophyllic), it will proceed as a drying out operator that will retain the water atoms by created from the response. So within the sight of a sulfuric corrosive impetus, the response will be driven towards the correct side, which is desirable over yield more ester. The purpose behind including this concentric corrosive in drop savvy is primarily to maintain a strategic distance from the outrageous response of the corrosive with the water. Since, if unnecessary water was delivered from the ethanolic arrangement of p-aminobenzoic corrosive, the abrupt expansion of enormous amount of concentrated sulfuric corrosive could prompt extraordinary response with this extreme water, and result to a lot of heat(exothermic). This isn't sheltered and hurtful specifically because of the utilization of concentrated sulphuric corrosive. Conversely, if corrosive was included as drops, the response will be as yet occurring in the arrangement however will be constrained uniquely to a littler degree. Along these lines such system is desirable over keep up better control. Another bit of leeway of utilizing drop shrewd including of the corrosive would allow us to control the corrosiveness of the last resultant. Since, if the corrosive substance is expanded in the last arrangement the ensuing balance process occurs within the sight of an antacid would prompt an outrageous response. Accordingly including drop astute corrosive is basic to control the causticity of the arrangement, so the security of the response can be kept up all through. The structure of the strong shaped when the concentrated sulphuric corrosive is added to the arrangement of p-aminobenzoic corrosive Fischer esterification system Why it is significant that the entirety of the solids break up during the reflux time frame for a decent yield of item? The strong accelerate in the wake of chilling off could be unreached benzoic corrosive. i.e, not all the solvents are partaken in the response to deliver Benzocaine. This could occur if the measure of the ethanol is excessively low. In any case, the greater part of events this will be basically because of the need response between the accessible methanol. This can be anyway maintained a strategic distance from by blending the blend to quick the response. In this way, so as to get great yield of ester, all the precipitants of the blend must be disintegrated in any case. In any case, this is unimaginable in a large portion of the events. For what reason is it critical to kill the response blend during the work-up At the point when corrosive is added to the response blend in the wake of refluxing, the amino gathering is protonated, making it dissolvable in water. At the point when the Na2CO3 is included, the proton is expelled and makes the benzocaine is not, at this point dissolvable. Along these lines it starts to encourage out of arrangement when the response blend is killed. Along these lines it is significant kill the dampness so as to sift through the ester from the blend, which in any case will be in a broken down state subsequently would not be recoverable. Accepting it was important to include an extra part of concentrated sulfuric corrosive, figure about how much 10% fluid sodium carbonate would be required to kill the response blend. While the trial 28.6 ml of sodium carbonate need to killed the 18M sulfuric corrosive. So the include of the other elixir 0.5 ml of sulfuric corrosive What is the gas advanced during the balance? In nearness of sulfuric corrosive p-amino benzoic corrosive responds with ethanol to frame ethyl p-aminobenzoate. The response medium contains the sulfuric corrosive and this was killed with sodium bicarbonate. Consequently the gas advanced during the response between the corrosive and base is carbon dioxide (CO2).

How to Write a Reflective Essay A Full Guide for Students

How to Write a Reflective Essay A Full Guide for Students First, we have to know “what is a reflective essay?” before we learn the “How to write a reflective essay?” A reflective essay can be some content on the event that happened to the writer or author. It can be easy to write or to be hard to write. The reflective essay also is called dairy data, but the excellent work it demands because the other will be read it and learns something new. Correct way to start a Reflective Essay Summary Correct way to start a Reflective EssayReflective essay formatUse Descriptive LanguageReflective Essay StructureHow to write a good Reflective EssayReflective Essay material and concepts: Key points for writing a Reflective Essay  Things about to care while writing a Reflective Essay: Conclusion Now, you already know what is a reflective essay, it is easy to make an outline and you will have a clear view of the content of your essay. Thus, the writing of yours will become much easier. Reflective essay format The format of a reflective essay can be different depending on the person who reads. Reflective essays can be a simple or complicated part of novels, blogs, etc. not only in simple books. Use Descriptive Language Make sure, your essay keeps the reader interested. A good essay is one that makes use of definitive language. Talk about the details of its shape or its color. Not only say that something was looking good. In the essay, talk about how those things or experiences made you feel. Ensure your words involve all of the think if possible. Reflective Essay Structure The main parts of the essay structure are as follows: Introduction: While starting the refractive essay you have to introduce yourself and about your topic, you picked up to write the essay. By doing this you are making the interest in your reflective essay.Main body: The main body is the main part of your reflective essay in which the story or the main portion of your essay will be written. By reading these readers can comment on your reflective essay.Conclusion: The conclusion is a part in which you define what you learn from your experience which is shared with you in your essay and what is the good or bad thing about that experience. How to write a good Reflective Essay Describe a definite change, experience, and incident;Include at least one strong example that makes the picture fuller which can define your situation;Show the effects, how some events affected you in person and what your experience gave you.A good reflective essay contains a positive sided good content.A reflective essay called good when it tells about the advantages and disadvantages of both of the situations on which you have written. Reflective Essay material and concepts: Some times, teacher make you free for choosing your topic, but it cant be same for every case:- Your first speech in school/college.Why you do your first fight.Watching the ocean with your feet covered in the sand.A moment in which human rights in your country is the concept.A book you have freshly read. Key points for writing a Reflective Essay   A reflective essay is based on your experience so that you can use ‘I’.Use more quotations to make your essay effective and attractive.You can share your good or bad both experience and can also tell the improvisation to the situation that can be done at that time. Things about to care while writing a Reflective Essay: Do write your ideas in a definitive way. Your words to be used are simple and straight so that the reader can understand the situation you want to tell him.Try to keep it as simple as possible.Create an outline then start your reflective essay.  Don’t make your essay disorderly material, insights, and concepts. Make them in the most likely order. Conclusion It concludes that your refractive essay will give an effective result to the reader. In the last paragraph of your essay you recall your whole story as a result in conclusion. You can give the advantages and disadvantages of your experience in the conclusion.

Compare and Contrast Grandparents Importance - 867 Words

â€Å"Few can bring the warmth we can find in their embrace, and little more is needed to bring love than the smile on their face. They ve a supply of precious stories, yet they ve time to wipe a tear, or give us reasons to make us laugh. They grow more precious through the years. I believe that God sent us Grandparents, as our legacy from above, to share the moments of our life as extra measures of His love.†(www.the parentsday.com) Some kids really don’t realize how much they lose when they don’t spend enough time with their grandparents. Grandparents are extremely unique people who should truly be idolized, there aren’t many people like them who: will always care, will love unconditionally, and have lived through very tough times that most†¦show more content†¦Grand kids can do no wrong in a grandparent’s eyes, at least that’s what they say. It must take a lot of strength to push every little, bad thing someone has done, and just forgive them completely like nothing ever happened. Because of all the technology that exists, people in today’s times have it pretty easy compared to when grandparents were teenagers. They had to put up with more than people do now. About 7 million people served on active duty during the Korean War Era making them veterans of war. 997,000 people also served during WWII; 347,000 during the Vietnam War; and 291,000 during all three wars (www.dvnf.org, Office of Veteran Affairs). These statistics prove that there is a large chance that an individual’s grandparents participated in at least one, if not more than one, of these wars. Besides the war, there is also the fact that there was way less technology back then. There were no televisions, no iPods, no cellphones, and no video games. They actually had to entertain themselves by using imagination, going outside, and not being lazy, which is very rare in today’s society. Most kids wouldn’t even know what to do with themselves if they didn’t have all the precious technology they do, and for that reason alone, people should look up to their grandparents. As a consequence of people not recognizing these amazing characteristicsShow MoreRelatedThe Memory Of The Vietnam War Essay1668 Words   |  7 PagesHowever, her success in coming to USC and pursuing a degree is less rooted in the aspect of survival as in Linh Dang’s case. Post memory and witnessing the hardships of her parents and grandparents instead fueled Angela’s drive. She mentions how her struggles as a student do not compare to what her parents and grandparents have been through and in turn she has learned to endure her struggles. Furthermore, differences between the two come in the form of their career choices as Linn’s decision aimed toRead MoreGlobal Leadership And Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research1244 Words   |  5 Pagesshort term versus long term orientation, masculine versus feminine orientation, direct versus indirect, materialism versus relationships, low-power versus high power distance. In the following essay I will define, describe, compare and contrast 4 cultural characteristics. I will then describe which one from each pair describes the culture that I belong to. The 4 cultural characteristics I choose are: Individualist versus collectivist, direct versus indirect, Read MoreSocial Stratification Has Good Consequences For Society1061 Words   |  5 Pages1.  What is the Davis-Moore thesis? The Davis-Moore thesis states that social stratification has good consequences for society. They argue societies may have different occupations or tasks that these jobs differ in their importance to society. They believed this encourages people to work harder and be more efficient in their jobs, ultimately benefiting society. 2.  List and define three different systems of stratification in society. The three different systems of social stratification in societyRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s The Grapes Of Wrath 1554 Words   |  7 Pagesthat is the movie, most of the time does not follow the book perfectly. This then changes how someone seeks to understand the overall messages the book wants you to take away from it and are therefore lost. The reason I am writing this is to compare and contrast the novel and the movie to show how the messages can be changed when they are put into different medium. After finishing the novel and the movie I would point out that The Grapes of Wrath Novel by John Steinbeck is does a better job capturingRead MoreThe Importance Of Working And Being A Stay At Home With Their Children1610 Words   |  7 Pagesa heated debate about what is best for children and who is the better mother. Just in the last generation more mothers are choosing to work, which is also sparking some conflict in families where grandparents felt it was important to stay at home with their children. This paper compares and contrasts both sides of working and being a stay at home mother. While there is no right or wrong answer to the work and family dilemma, it’s important to understand both sides.    Evolution of Working Mother’sRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Growing Up in a Nuclear Family4118 Words   |  17 Pageso An extended family consists of all relatives outside of your immediate family. The extended family is family is usually define by some common genetic lineage that falls outside of the nuclear family. It consists of aunts, uncles, cousins and grandparents. It can be traced back for many generations and can be quite large. In the United States, it is less common for extended families to share a home as it is in some other countries. Families Around the World o In other cultures cousins would be consideredRead MoreParenting and Education During Early Childhood Essay example2060 Words   |  9 Pagesare: †¢ Evaluate the different types of parenting styles and their influence on development during infancy and early childhood. †¢ Compare and contrast at least two different kinds of caregivers and the positive and/or negative impacts on development during infancy and early childhood. (examples: stay at home parent, daycare, grandparent, and nanny) †¢ Discuss how early childhood education has evolved and its impact on cognitive development in early childhood. ParentingRead MoreChristian /Counseling2553 Words   |  11 PagesCompare and Contrast Paper Frank A. Daniels JR Liberty University 169567 Thesis In my reading I find that Dr. Crabb is very intriguing a very intellectual writer and has a way of convincing the reader with his philosophies. I will discuss the four perspectives: Goal of Christian Counseling, Basic Concepts, Basic Strategy, and Developing a Counseling Program in the local Church as recorded in Effective Biblical Counseling. Then will Compare and ContrastRead More Theories of Development Essay2255 Words   |  10 PagesQuestion #1 : Compare and contrast the psychoanalytic theories of Freud and Erickson Freud’s Theory : Freud believed that most human behavior is motivated by the unconscious mind. â€Å"Freud proposed that personality has 3 structures : the id, the ego and the superego† (Santrock, 23). The id is the origin of personality driven by instinct. The id resides in unconscious rather than reality. The ego, another structure of reality, appears when children learn about the needs and constraintsRead MoreFirst Nation Natives Vs. Environmental Racism1761 Words   |  8 Pagesfurther destruction. Their reason behind the action was completely ethical. a. Along came the loss of the pines and replaced with housing and other developments such as a golf course. The land was also occupied by graves of past Mohawk parents and grandparents. The action was entirely disrespectful towards the Mohawks, but there was nothing they could’ve done to stop the changes. b. The Mohawks had planted the trees in the Pines for a specific environmental reason. Due to the soil of the Pines, it was

The Most Dangerous Gangs and How to Stop Their Violence

There are a lot dangerous gangs out there in the world. Some may be even closer than you think, for instance in your children schools, their playgrounds and even in some after school church groups. So everyone should take a part in trying to stop gang violence before it gets to be too late. In this paper it will be explaining, the most dangerous gangs, and interview and most importantly how to stop gang violence to make a better place for our future. In the United States, the top most wanted gang is the Ms13, a very commonly well known gang. This gang is not just some want to be thug gang in some guy’s basement, trying to act all big and bad when they’re not. This is a very well organized and well thought out gang. â€Å"They are known for being a part of selling drugs, human trafficking, murder, contract killing, extortion and kidnapping.† Their territory would be considered Central America and the United States. Their exact location is not certain, that is pa rt of what they do, stay unknown and it’s easier to do business like that. About 70,000 in the United States are members of the MS13. Something that you may have heard of them would be the kidnapping of the son of the Honduras president. (gangs.umd.edu) The second most wanted gang in the United States is the very well known Crips. These guys are wearing blue, to support their love for their gang. Being a part of this gang is kind of like being a part of a special religion. They have their own beliefs, prayers andShow MoreRelatedChicago Gangs and History Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesChicago Gangs, Then and Now with Solutions Nick Crot Marist High School Abstract This paper deals with gang violence in the city of Chicago since the beginning of time. It takes a deep look into the history of Chicago gangs and how they interact today. Also the past problems the City of Chicago made when dealing with gangs and the problems that gangs today have and how Chicago has the worst gang problem in the country. Also how gangs have turned themselves into big, and lucrative enterprisesRead MoreA Brief Note On The Problems Of Gangs891 Words   |  4 PagesJosh Grice Mrs. Gallos English 3 Research Paper 24 November 2014 Gangs: The problems they make Gangs are a big problem in the world and it causes a lot of crime in the United States. There are a lot of different types of gangs in the world. You have the small gangs that are just made up of a group of friends and family, but then you also got the large gangs that are made up of hundreds of different kinds of people. Gang members go around committing so many crimes. They rob people in theirRead MoreCharacteristics Of A Criminal Street Gang1212 Words   |  5 Pagescriminal street gang. Not only does MLO fit the definition of what a reasonable person would believe a street gang to be, but most importantly it fits the definition of a criminal street gang as it is defined in the California STEP act. According Ludeke’s article, MLO has been responsible for nearly killing a young man, beating another, and threatening witnesses with death if they went to the police. While he recognizes that MLO is not as big a threat or as notorious as other well-known gangs, it doesRead MoreMs 13 Gang Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish IV CP April 21, 2011 Hidden Violence The word gang-everyone knows what it means or what it stands for. Of course by the time children get to the end of their elementary years they’ve heard of know gangs such as; the Cribs, Bloods, Latin Kings, Vatos Locos, but none of those names cause as much fear and terror as the gang called La Mara Salvatrucha aka MS-13. La Mara known for their psychotic methods of killing and running their turf, no other gang comes close to causing the same fear asRead MoreAnalysis Of Enrique s Journey And Journalist For La Times1344 Words   |  6 Pagesmaking his seventh attempt to America to reconnect with his mother after 11 years. Many unaccompanied children go on the same quest to America as Enrique to escape gang violence or to find a job to support their families. On this journey children ride on top of train cars, encounter gangs and corrupt officers, witnessed many acts of violence and death, and do their best to blend in and not get caught by officers who will deport them back f rom where they came. 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Japanese Culture Free Essays

Normally, a people’s culture as the total way of life is as a result of the historical, socio-cultural developments of that community. The case is not any different from that of the Japanese culture. This development is clearly exemplified by the fact that virtually all of Japan’s culture such as the Shinto shrines, the beliefs and practices surrounding the shrine and the construction works are based on the myths and legends that were associated with leaders such as Sugawara no Michizane. We will write a custom essay sample on Japanese Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Similarly, some of the architecture and practices were based on the beliefs concerning the pantheon of gods that characterized the Japanese culture. According to the Japanese culture, mythology and folklore, the Sugawara no Michizane is the proper name for the Tenjin, the indigenous spiritual force that is also known as the personification and the embodiment of the ideal Japanese scholar, politician and poet. As another name for Sugawara no Michizane, Tenjin stands for both sky and deity, with the same denotation of ‘the god of thunder. ’ The history and culture of the ancient Japanese have it that Sugawara no Michizane rose through the ranks in the government during the late epoch of the 9th century. Nevertheless, at the beginning of 10th century, Sugawara no Michizane succumbed to the plot of a rival group which had traces in the Fujiwara family. This resulted in his demotion and subsequent deposition to Kyushu. This development would later herald his lonesome death which paved way for drought, plague and widespread deaths among the populace in Daigo Empire. The princes of the empire would also fall herein. It is interesting to note that after this development, there were endless spates of lightning rainstorms and heavy deluge. The gravity of the matter is that the locals interpreted these developments as phenomenal and supernatural attestations of the spirits being displeased and irked by the exiling of Sugawara no Michizane. This led to the building and construction of the Shinto shrine located in Kyoto. This shrine was later called the Kitano Tenmangu. In this regard, the office and post of Sugawara no Michizane was thus restored posthumously, while any mentioning of his exiling was totally expunged from the records (Samovar, et al 2009) . As if all the above is not enough, Sugawara became deified as the Kami or the Tenjin-sama of scholarship and learning. It is against this backdrop that most of the Shinto shrines in Japan are dedicated to Sugawara no Michizane. Another important way in which the beliefs, superstitions and practices related to the gods affected the Japanese culture is found in the culture of burial and funeral rites. Particularly, the act is known to have been rejuvenated during the fourteenth generation of Haji family. At this time, Nomi no Sukune as the descendant of the god Amenohohi was the supreme leader. As of the ancient days, during the rein of Emperor Suinin, the funeral arrangements and burial arrangements were primitive to the core, to an extent that the deceased would be buried alongside his kinsfolk. The burial of Empress Hibasuhime alongside the clay images of 300 potters at the behest of Nomi no Sukune in lieu of living retainers and relatives on the account of the need to have a just government was the first breakaway from the somewhat devious culture. This paved way to the assimilation of the culture of burying people with clay models, as opposed to the living. With time, the culture of burying the dead with the aforementioned accompaniments soon became faced out. Similarly, it is the family of the Sugawara no Michizane that the Confucian movement as a religious way of life. At the same time, Confucian scholars arose from this group to supply the Japanese culture with the culture and spirit of intellectualism. The Haji, together with the middle rank of the Sugawara formed the society’s middle rank, mainly serving the ancient Japanese culture as courtiers. Conversely, that the ancient Japanese culture has its genesis of the belief in the gods is well underscored by the fact that the Japanese culture has been believed to have emanated from the gods. In a closely related wavelength, it remains a fact that Furuhito gave the petition of concerning the Japanese family and history. It is against this backdrop that the Japanese family and culture is known to have been divided into three stages. The stages start with the legendary point or stages; the period of loyalty; and the period of the decline of the Yamato’s family status. All the offshoots of the family are said to have descended from the god Amenohohi. Amenohohi on the other hands is said to have come about as a result of the gods, Amaterasu and Susanoo coming together in a procreating contest (Lebra and Lebra 2006) . The legend has it that Amaterasu took off to the cave, for which Susanoo followed in hot pursuit after her. At this point, Amaterasu is said to have swallowed Susanoo’s sword, giving rise to three girls who were known to be the children of Susanoo. Afterwards, Susanoo swallowed Amaterasu’s jewelry, with the spitting out of five boys. These five boys are known to be the sons of the Amaterasu. Among the five sons is Amenohohi. The fact that this above account is seen to be ubiquitous to among the Japanese is well underscored by its appearance in Nihonshoki and Kojiki letters; albeit the letters exhibiting variations in details. The Kojiki source has the Amenohohi as the ancestor of the Izumo magistrate and the Haji family among five other local magistrates. Despite the scantiness of evidence that would authenticate the accuracy and originality of the Haji account. It is suggested that the Haji sources originated from the Izumo who served in the Yamato courts and also as supervisors of funeral arrangements and pottery making during the ancient times. Investigation into the political and social institutions of the Yamato courts before the 645 AD Taika Reforms yield better and more productive information on the Haji family (Varley, 2000) . Both historical and archaeological evidence point out that the affairs of the Yamato courts and Japan’s primordial social and economic structures are known to have dated as early as the pre-historic era. This standpoint is clearly underscored by the historians’ agreement and approach of dividing the tomb period together with all its markings of religious leadership from the middle tomb period as characterized by heavier military paraphernalia and symbols. Given the above developments, it is easier to see that the Japanese culture was totally fixed upon concepts that bordered on: common lineage and history, to which it was believed that all the concerned clans emanated from the gods [Amaterasu and Susanoo]; common culture and common traditions and religious beliefs. References Lebra, T. S. and Lebra, W. (2006). Japanese Culture and Behavior: Selected Readings. New York: Prentice Hall. Samovar, L, et al. (2009). Communication between Cultures. New York: SAGE. Varley, H. P. (2000). Japanese Culture. New York: McGraw Hill. How to cite Japanese Culture, Papers

Responsible Management Gender Issues and Personal Values

Question: Discuss about theResponsible Managementfor Gender Issues and Personal Values. Answer: Introduction The business world is changing continuously, making it more and more difficult for companies to follow most of the traditional management approaches. Various elements of management create the concept of responsible management. These include ethical considerations, gender issues, personal values, self-management, and the business cultures. It is important for an organisation to show that it respects and values the personal values of its employees, clients, and people within its operational environment (Crane 2000). By being responsible, a business sets the right pace for its sustainability in the long run. There are times when the personal values of the employees differ from those of the business, which creates conflict in their feelings and attitudes towards their jobs. It is the management's duty to ensure that there are clear limitations that ensure employees do not go beyond limits in the course of executing their duties (Brenkert 2008). A responsible manager is not only liable to the firm but also to his/her employees. Therefore, cultures that he/she develops must not have an adverse bearing on the lives of the workers. This essay uses the Cult Girls' case, which was a major topic of debate between 2003 and 2009 to discuss the ideology of responsible management. How Brian Srensen Should React Brian Srensen developed the idea of the drink CULT and the marketing strategy where girls wearing sexy clothes were used to market the product in 1998. The dressing appealed to a section of the buyers; however, there are those who felt that it was inappropriate. Some of the girls also felt that even though they had to wear the short dresses to market the product, the custom was against their personal values and ideologies (Johnsen and Ref 2013). Finally, one of the girls who were selling the product came out saying that she felt sexually harassed by the clients, especially in night clubs whenever they went out marketing the products wearing sexy dresses (Johnsen and Ref 2013). Using people as sex objects to appeal to the target clients in marketing has been an issue of great debate. Even though sex sells, some people feel that it is irresponsible for a company to adopt such a strategy since there are more viable and moral marketing strategies (Strong 2013). It is important for Brian to understand the issue has a potential to ruin his company, especially if the public starts to view his business as immoral. Therefore, when handling the issue or rather reacting to the debates, Brian must show that the primary objective of the marketing approach was not to disrespect women (Crane 2000). It is important for him to demonstrate that he understands that the strategy is not favourable to some of the employees. Moreover, he must show that he is concerned about the whole issue. Brian must employ the principles of responsible management when handling the issue; otherwise, the public will develop a notion that his firm is irresponsible. Such an idea is likely to ruin the reputation that CULT has built since its inception, which will favour the competitors. Research shows that over time, the business world has increasingly become competitive, hence, churning, which means that for a firm to remain relevant in the eyes of the public, it must appeal to their demands. It was evident from the general needs in regards to the "CULT Girls issues that many people were questioning the morality of executives of the company (Johnsen and Ref 2013). Many feel that the marketing approach that the business had adopted was portraying women as sex objects; hence, they have an issue with it. It is unethical to use people as a means to an end since by so doing; the firm fails to respect their human values (Goodpaster 1991). To show that the company cares about the feeling of the people and respects the moral values of different members of the public, Brian needs to make a statement acknowledging that he understands the seriousness of the issue. He also needs to show the advantages or rather benefits of the job to the employees (Tyler 2004). It is important for him to emphasise on the fact that his company respects all members of the public, and advocates for an open management approach, where employees are allowed to air their grievances without condemnation. By doing that, he will show responsible management, which is one of the best strategies to form robust and long-lasting relationships with people within the firm's business environment. All along, he must remain calm in his reaction and must show that he understands the sensitivity of the issue. It is also paramount to demonstrate that he is willing to do what it takes to ensure that employees felt respected and valued at all times. Provocation as Part of Companys Culture Culture plays a great role in staff motivation and job satisfaction; It is one of the primary determinants of whether an employee shares an excellent idea with his/her manager and colleagues of not. The workplace should not be something that people dread daily; otherwise, they will be forced to quit eventually (Usher and Solomon 1999). An organisation must ensure that employees look forward to a new day at work, it should be difficult for them to leave their job. It is already stressing enough for employees to put their time into a job. Therefore, the culture of their employer should not add to the burden they already have. Instead, culture should help workers alleviate the work-related stress they have to overcome daily in their jobs. Therefore, culture plays a significant role in sustaining the enthusiasm of employees (Coombs, Knights and Willmott 1992). Brian Srensen indicated that being provocative was oaf of Cults culture (Johnsen and Ref 2013). Sure enough, even though some of the employees felt that the marketing strategy of the business was threatening to their private lives, there were those who had a great experience at their work. The main problem that caused issues in regards to the culture of Cult was because Brian Srensen did not necessarily hire people who fit the firm's cultures. Most of the times, the company recruited the Cult girls based on their looks, and not necessarily based on their personal values. It is evident in Maria's and Amada's narrations of their experience with the company as Cult Girls that one of the girls was okay with the cultures and marketing approach whereas the other one felt devalued and abused. Provocation was working for the company as a dominant strategy; however, it was also dreading to some of the girls, especially those that were not used to the negative attention they got when selling t he products. Brian was willing to go to greater lengths to build the company's reputation and brand based on the provocative culture. Moreover, the target clientele of the company was that of young men. The idea was to create sexual innuendo that would persuade them to buy the firm's products. It is a result of the target client and the nature of the products that the company was selling that Brian went beyond the limits of the marketing approach. To him, all publicity was good publicity, as it was getting the name of the company out to the public. However, he failed to understand that a provocative culture is likely to be short-lived. Although the sexual illusions sold for some time, in the long run, competitors of Cult that based their cultures in the delivery of quality would out do Brian's company. Therefore, as much as he was right that the culture of provocation was working for the firm, he was wrong about it being a significant and viable culture (Coombs, Knights and Willmott 1992). Cult Mentality Brian's strategy was based on going beyond limits. Although some girls such as Maria was okay with the approach there were those that felt what they were doing was unethical. It is never pleasing to play with people's emotions just to get them to buy products they do not even require. Some of the Cult girls such as Amanda regret taking up the work in the first place. They indicate that it changed their behaviours and perceptions about life. They felt demoralised and humiliated for what they had to do for hours in the night to sell the products of the company. Maria also agrees that it can be devaluating to work as Cult girl (Johnsen and Ref 2013). The team building activities and training that Brian talks about never really took good care of the girls. The aim of the exercise was to alleviate fear hoping that the girls who were not comfortable with their job would finally let go their ethical values and adapt to the provocation culture (Gomez and Gunn 2012; Mirkamali, Vaezi and Tabar 2014). The girls were instrumental in pushing the sales of the company; therefore, Brian should have worked towards changing the mentality about the Cult girls. Their private lives after the job were suffering at the expense of his firm's products. A good company culture does not affect employees' private lives negatively since that will eventually affect their productivity in the business (Carroll and Buchholtz 2014). It is never pleasing for an employee to know that he/she can be replaced at any time. Brian Srensen should have used an open dialogue management approach, where the girls would suggest some other alternative strategist that would work for them and their reputation. Although Brian is convinced that he took good care of the girls through the training and team building activities, it is evident from the excerpts of Amanda and Maria that most of the girls were not happy with their jobs. Before starting to work as cult girls, they had a mentality of an excellent piece of work with close attention, whoever, after they go the job reality would dawn on them that they were being viewed as sluts (Johnsen and Ref 2013). Employees need to feel respected and valued by both the employer and clients (Mohr, Webb and Harris 2001); hence, Brian should have worked towards changing the mentality people had regarding the cult girls if the strategy was to work in the long run. Self-Management and Investment at Work The introduction of self-management at the workplace aims at replacing the traditional superior rank and authority accorded to managers. The idea is to share the decision-making role to employees and empower them to invest themselves in the workplace as they deem necessary (Cohen, Chang, and Ledford 1997). Contemporary discussions on the subjectivity of employees indicate that self-management is an effective way of governing the behaviours of workers (De Vos and Soens 2008). In some situations, however, the understanding and identity of the workers vary to what the firm expects of them. Therefore, self-management ends up failing since the conduct of employees regarding how they invest themselves in the jobs harms the reputation of the company (Crane and Desmond 2002). Moreover, several scholars have argued against the approach indicating that it can be demotivating; especially because of the ambiguity that surrounds it. In light of the discussion of what self-management entails and its shortcoming, as the manager, Brian was responsible for how his employees invested themselves in the workplace. The reason some of the cult girls managed to make high sales without necessarily being unethical was that they understood their jobs and role in the marketing process. They also attached heir self-identity and values to the job, hence, operated by what they were comfortable doing, On the other hand, Brian did not give clear limitations of what the girls should do and not do when selling the products. The lack of clarity caused significant disparities in how the girls approached their work and the image they developed for the firm (Crane 2002). At the same time, some of the cult girls felt that they had to act as sluts for them to convince men to buy their products. For employees to contribute effectively in the work process, it is important for the manager to lay out clear guidelines of what they should and s hould not do when working (Smith and Fingar 2003). In other words, as the manager, Brian had the duty of setting clear limitations of how the girls invested themselves at work. Sustainable Gender Image It is the duty of every organisation to show equality between the sexes and respect for people of either gender. Organisations need to ensure that the gender image that its employees create is sustainable and equitable. Environmental sustainability has over time become an integral aspect of every business plan. Many corporations now have to consider the views and perceptions of people within their environment. They must show that they respect the ideologies, lives and agendas of these people. Many companies have failed as a result of ignoring the factors within their environment. In Denmark and other parts of the world women's empowerment and gender equality have become increasingly paramount (Roxas and Stoneback 2004); however, most businesses are yet to take a similar shift towards the issues of equality between the sexes like they have when it comes to responsible social aspects. Nonetheless, with women empowerment, many businesses are finding themselves in an awkward position as they failed from the onset to appeal to the female gender. Currently, women are major determinants of whether a firm sells its products or not. Research shows that women are making more and more purchase decisions in their homes (Schroeder and Borgerson1998). Considering that other energy drinks are targeting both the party goers and the non-partying clients if Cult was to remain relevant in the long run, Brian had the duty of nourishing and maintaining a sustainable gender image for the employees. The fact that he objectified the women who were marketing the projects indicates that he was creating a negative image, which was likely to affect the operations of his business in the long run. Wolin (2003) suggests that gender issues are major determinants of how a company performs in the long term. Therefore, it is necessary for managers to ensure that they strive to create a sustainabl e gender image for their employees. It is not only ethical for a firm to develop a sustainable sex model for the employees, but also a sign of responsible management, which is crucial to the long-term success of the business (Tyler 2004). Conclusion Image plays a significant role in the overall success of operations. Therefore, it is necessary for an organisation to position itself as socially responsible. Over the years, the issue of corporate social responsibility has increasingly become popular in the business world. Most managers assume that corporate social responsibility only entails giving back to the society. However, research suggests that this notion is not correct, as responsible management is also part and parcel of corporate social responsibility (Dyllick and Hockerts 2002). How a business handles its employees tells a lot about how responsible the managers of the entity are, and affects the productivity of the firm as well (Smith and Fingar 2003). From the discussion in this paper, it is evident that Brian Sorensens management technique was irresponsible. Despite him making attempts to train employees and his advocacy for team work the provocative work culture was doing more harm than good. Responsible management s hould motivate employees to love their jobs and be proud of working for the firm, which was not the case in Cult. Reference List Brenkert, G 2008,Marketing ethics(pp. 178-193), Blackwell Publishers Inc. Carroll, A.B. and Buchholtz, A 2014,Business and Society: Ethics, Sustainability, and Stakeholder management, Nelson Education. Cohen, S.G., Chang, L. and Ledford, G 1997, A hierarchical construct of self?management leadership and its relationship to quality of work life and perceived work group effectiveness, Personnel Psychology,50(2), pp.275-308. Coombs, R., Knights, D. and Willmott, H 1992, Culture, control and competition; towards a conceptual framework for the study of information technology in organisations,Organization Studies,13(1), pp.051-72. Crane, A. and Desmond, J 2002, Societal marketing and morality, European Journal of Marketing,36(5/6), pp.548-569. Crane, A 2000, Marketing and the natural environment: what role for morality?Journal of Micromarketing,20(2), pp.144-154. Crane, A., 2002, Marketing, morality and the natural environment, Routledge. De Vos, A. and Soens, N, 2008, Protean attitude and career success: The mediating role of self-management, Journal of Vocational Behaviour,73(3), pp.449-456. Dyllick, T. and Hockerts, K 2002, Beyond the business case for corporate sustainability,Business strategy and the environment,11(2), pp.130-141. Gomez, E. and Gunn, R 2012, Do managers that coach become better leaders? An exploration of the relationship between managerial coaching and leader development. Goodpaster, K.E 1991, Business ethics and stakeholder analysis,Business ethics quarterly,1(01), pp.53-73. Johnsen, R. and Ref, N.B 2013, Cult Girl: Responsible Management and Self-Management of Subjectivity at Work, Copenhagen Business School/ Mirkamali, S.M., Vaezi, M. and Tabar, M.S 2014, The relationship between moral intelligence and team leadership in ACECR of the University of Tehran,Kuwait Chapter of the Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review,3(12A), p.192 Mohr, L.A., Webb, D.J. and Harris, K.E 2001, Do consumers expect companies to be socially responsible? The impact of corporate social responsibility on buying behaviour,Journal of Consumer Affairs,35(1), pp.45-72 Roxas, M.L. and Stoneback, J.Y 2004, The importance of gender across cultures in ethical decision-making, Journal of Business Ethics,50(2), pp.149-165. Schroeder, J.E. and Borgerson, J.L 1998, Marketing images of gender: A visual analysis,Consumption, Markets and Culture,2(2), pp.161-201. Smith, H. and Fingar, P 2003, Business process management: the third wave(Vol. 1), Tampa: Meghan-Kiffer Press. Strong, S 2013, Laying the Foundation for Self-Management Support in a Recovery Framework. Tyler, M 2004, Managing between the sheets: Lifestyle magazines and the management of sexuality in everyday life, Sexualities,7(1), pp.81-106. Usher, R. and Solomon, N 1999, Experiential learning and the shaping of subjectivity in the workplace,Studies in the Education of Adults,31(2), pp.155-163. Wolin, L 2003, Gender issues in advertisingan oversight synthesis of research: 19702002, Journal of advertising research,43(01), pp.111-129.

Negative Effects Global Warming Essay Example

Negative Effects Global Warming Paper The first and most obvious disadvantage is the higher sea levels. Due to the warmer climates many ice caps are melting down which are increasing the sea levels and affecting the low-lying lands. The water is reaching these lands and flooding them over. Many places in the coasts around the world, will disappear if this happens, places such as Shanghai, Holland, Bangladesh, San Francisco, Florida, Tantalum’s, Veracity, Camper etc. This issue brings many other consequent problems such deaths and many diseases from food and evacuations. Another main negative effect is the bad life conditions that many parts of the world will suffer. These bad life conditions may be starvation, malnutrition and increased deaths due to food and crop shortages. Also there will be water shortage in already water-scarce areas and deserts get drier leaving to increased desertification. Human health will be decreasing because of the high levels of air pollution in our environment, and will cause problems such as allergies and asthma. The last disadvantage is the huge negative impact that global warming causes on the weather. Since the temperatures of our planet will begin to rise, there will be more extreme weather. These drastic changes in the climate will cause increased frequency in natural disasters. Many of these severe and catastrophic disasters will be such as storms, avalanches, landslides, heat waves, and acidity of rainfall. All of these disasters will increase diseases, deaths and the extinction of animal and plant species. Human kind can keep thinking we still have plenty of time to make conscience and change, or even think global warming is not an actual problem, but we would all be wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on Negative Effects Global Warming specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Negative Effects Global Warming specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Negative Effects Global Warming specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We have to start taking actions right away and not let more years go by. There are many simple but important actions we can do to help our planet. Some of these actions are, buying energy-saving light bulbs, turn off electric devices when not in use, reduce the use of air conditioners or heaters, try to reduce the use of cars by using bicycles or walking, plant trees, shower with less hot water, separate the trash and recycle. Our planet IS dying with the pass of the years and it is in our hands to do something about it, we must start changing our ways of thinking and start taking actions NOW.

Americas Teens Up In Smoke Essays - Human Behavior, Smoking, Health

America's Teens Up In Smoke Essays - Human Behavior, Smoking, Health America's Teens Up In Smoke Americas Teens Up in Smoke On every street corner in America, you will find a teen smoking. Even though a number of commercials and school orientations have given the effects of smoking, the kids feel they are invincible to the effects smoking can cause. Tobacco companies have targeted the youth, ages eleven to seventeen, because they are the future of their industry and very influential (Britannica online). Yes it is true; the future of America has been the focus of their progression. However, how can we have a healthy outlook on the future if 34.8 percent of our youth are inhaling five hundred chemicals into their bodies (Britannica online)? Society needs to focus on telling teenagers the numerous effects of smoking, so they can live a healthier life. The effects of smoking have long been proven to destroy out bodies. The number one disease caused by smoking is cancer. Ola James husband died of lung cancer this past summer. She says Every time I see someone light a cigarette, I think of how sick Richard was and it breaks my heart. She has watched the one person who meant more to her than anyone else in the world, die from a disease that TV has advertised for years. Although a smoker for many years, Richard James might be alive today if he had quit smoking when he was young. Smoking can also cause emphysema, which is a condition of the lungs marked by distension and frequently by impairment of heart action. Smoking has also been known to cause yellow stains on teeth, inflamed gums, periodontal disease, and other diseases of the mouth (Britannica online). With that in mind, who wants to have a cigarette hanging out of their mouth? Well the answer to that question can be answered in two words . . . todays youth. While no one really understands why teenagers take their first puff, whether its peer pressure or another reason, the fact is that they do. Obviously they dont have a high regard for their health. After repeatedly being told that smoking is bad, teenagers just do not seem to care. Another problem with smoking is the effects it has on others around you. Studies have shown that second hand smoke is more dangerous than first hand smoke (askjeeves.com). It causes those around them to be more susecptable to getting respritory problems and cancer. Now the 34.8 percent of the youth are not only bringing themselves down, but they are bringing down the rest of the population with them. If teenagers continue to smoke while they are pregnant, it will result in low birth weights and/or severe birth defects. This is not making Americas future look to bright. Although teenagers have been warned of the effects of smoking, they will continue to light up whenever and wherever they please. We as citizens must fight to make teenage smoking harder to start. We must make new laws, ensure that America follows these laws, and punish those who break them. I dont know who had it worse, teenagers fifty years ago who didnt know the effects of smoking, or teenagers today who do know the effects and just dont care. Smoking is doing nothing but harming the youth through diseases, and hurting those around them. If they knew more about the effects, then maybe they would not be so quick to start.

Treatment of a soft tissue ankle injury Grade 1 and Grade 2 Essay

Treatment of a soft tissue ankle injury Grade 1 and Grade 2 - Essay Example Assessment of the injury is the determining factor for the intervention, which is applied in the treatment and management of the ankle injury. Many soft tissue injuries are commonly treated through simple interventions without surgery. Surgery is not indicated except to correct the most severe injuries. Soft injuries involve different range of tissue injuries from ankle tissue sprains to muscular and tendon injuries. The treatment of these injuries commonly involves interventions aimed at restoring full range of functionality to these tissues. The fundamental symptoms of these injuries include swelling, pain and stiffness, which commonly result in limited mobility. Epidemiology of the condition has indicated that these common issues can easily result in chronic disabilities. Soft tissue injuries commonly refer to trauma in various muscles, tendons, and ligaments located in a range of structures. These injuries commonly result from strains, sprains or excessive use of a body part, common to athletes, whose activities create soft-tissue risk factors for injuries in the legs specifically. The basic symptoms of these injuries include extreme pain, swelling and inflammation stressing affected tissues to the detriment of normal function. The PRICE principle is the intervention that is applied immediately following the injury. This principle is an acronym referring to the management procedures applied for soft tissue injury. The intervention usually begins immediately following the injury before hospitalisation and diagnosis of the severity of the sustained injury. Protection: This is performed to ensure the individual does not sustain further damage upon the injured area. Often, this involves a cast or brace that restricts whatever motion or position is most likely to exacerbate the injury while supporting the healing process. Ice: After sustaining an injury, ice is a necessity for the reduction of swelling and pain within the first 72 hours following

Mergers and Acquisitions (AECOM) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Mergers and Acquisitions (AECOM) - Essay Example The acquisition between the two firms created a lot of opportunities for the competitors in the market to gain stability and thus pose even stronger competition in the market. Besides, the acquisition led to an increase in the shares [prices of the company as opposed to the reduction in its value as it was anticipated. Moreover, the acquisition was as a result of ACM struggling to pursue its selfish interest in the construction industry to ensure that it controls the whole market. It is evident that the primary aim of the acquisition was to eliminate other competitors from the market in order to create a free market for ACM Construction Company to dominate the market. This however did not succeed due to the poor strategies involved in the acquisition. To begin with, the Income statement of the company before the acquisition is better than after the acquisition. The company used to make a lot of profits in the past as observed by Depamphilis (2011). Since the acquisition between the two companies took place, Jacobs Construction Company has remained steady and continued to enjoy more customer base than before. There has been a significant increase in the number of share of JCE traded with a stable price of $ 23.8 and an average of 240 shares being traded daily. The income statement also signifies a decrease in diluted average weighted share from 132.18 to 126.47 by the r March 2015. This is a good indicator that the company had gained economies of scale and thus financial growth due to the competitiveness created by the acquisition of the two firms according to Bruner, (2004). The operational synergy for JCE converged and moved together in the same direction after the acquisition of AECOM. This also signifies an improvement in functionality and management of JCE as compared to the merged firm. Moreover, it means increased competition among the firms in the industry as opposed to the primary intention

Aristotles Friendship Nicomachean Ethics

Aristotles Friendship Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle addresses the topic of friendship in Book 8 and 9 of his Nicomachean Ethics. Aristotle makes the argument that friends can be regarded as second selves. Aristotle says that just as virtuous behavior improves an individual, friends have the potential to generate improvements upon each others lives. The main gist of Aristotles argument is on the relationship between friendship and justice (102). He asserts that if people stay friends, they do not have any need for justice, but if they maintain justice, they also need friendship in addition. This paper shows that the arguments that Aristotle makes in support of this assertion is convincing. Additionally, the arguments made here explain both the ethical and political importance of friendship for Aristotle. Aristotle categorizes friendships into three categories: friendships of utility, friendships of pleasure, and friendships of the good (107). He asserts that the failure or success of ones friend is just like the ones own failure or success. Friendships of pleasure are based on delight in other peoples company alone. People who drink beer together are said to be in this friendship. However, when these people no longer enjoy sharing the activity, the friendship may come to an end. Friendships of utility are those friendships that are formed with no regard to the other person. When a person is buying merchandise, has to meet the seller, but the relationship that is required is rather shallow. The only reason why such people communicate is for them to transact business. Typically, quarrels may result in this friendship only. Friendship of the good involves the enjoyment of each others characters. As long as these friends maintain their similar characters, their relationship endures because its main motive is care for each other. This is friendship at its best, what in modern English may be referred to as true friendship. In Book 8, Aristotle says that without friends, nobody would choose life. Even those people in possession of all the goods that they need in life, including high office, need friends. They do not perceive the use of all such prosperity without an opportunity of beneficence, which can only be exercised in its most laudable form towards friends. Similarly, it is impossible to guard prosperity without friends. Aristotle also indicates that friends are the only refuge when misfortunes and poverty strike (108). For the young, friendships are a way of avoiding straying. For older people, it is useful for ministering to their needs as well as supplementing the various activities that could be failing as a result of weakness. For Aristotle, friendships appear to be holding states together, and lawgivers are more careful about friendships than for justice. Since unanimity seems to be like friendship, they aim at this most of the time, and strive to expel faction as their worst enemy. It is on this basis that he indicates that when men are friends, they need justice. However, when they are just, they require justice as well. The truest form of justice according to Aristotle is thought to be an enduring friendly quality (118). Friendships are considered not only necessary, but also noble, since people always praise those who show love for their friends. It is also thought to be a great thing to have many friends. The different kinds of friendships may be cleared if attention was shifted to the object of love, in which case only the lovable objects can be loved. Lovable objects are those that pleasant, good or useful. For this reason, friends are formed on the basis of the good and pleasure that is produced, which has to be useful. However, a clash emerges in this argument, especially in determining whether men love the good or what they consider good for them. Whatever is good for a man, though, becomes the object of his friendship. The clash arises in that each man loves not just what is good, but that seems good for him. For Aristotle, this makes no difference. Aristotle poses the question of whether goodwill in itself constitutes friendship. In this case, goodwill amounts to friendship only when the feeling is reciprocated (120). This is because, many people may have goodwill for those they have not necessarily judged to be useful or good. This raises the genuine difficulty of telling who friends really are without their feelings being communicated. To be friends, then, there is a need for feelings to be mutually recognized as wishes of goodwill to each other. In terms of justice, the friendship of the good is enough proof against slander. This is because it is difficult to trust anyone except a man who has been tested by oneself. When all the things that are demanded in friendship are found, true friendship is said to exist. However, nothing prevents various evils arising, such that the assertion that he would never wrong seems to be inaccurate. Considering the three forms of friendships, it is true to say that bad men will always be friends for the sake of utility or pleasure, while good men will always be friends for their own sake, that is, for the virtue of their goodness. In the latter case, these are friends without qualifications while others are accidental friends, for whom, the only thing that they share is the resemblance of needs. In efforts to explain why the truest friendship is the one that one of the good, Aristotle argues that the friendship that is without qualification pleasant or good seems to be desirable or lovable. Here, the impression made is that love is merely a feeling, and friendship a state of character. The mutual love for certain choices springs from the state of character of the friends. Men tend to wish well those they love, not because of a feeling, but as a result of a certain state of character. In loving friends, men indicate their love for what is good for themselves. Aristotle completes the logical analysis by saying that in becoming a friend, a man ideally becomes good to his friends (129). Each of them, then, both love what is good for himself, while at the same time making an equal return through goodwill and pleasantness. In this sense, friendship is said to be similar to the concept of equality. Incidentally, both the concepts of goodwill and pleasantness are found in the concepts of friendship and equality. Most people appear to like being loved instead of loving, mainly because of ambition. Aristotle supports this proposition by saying that this is the reason why most men love flattery; since the flatterer takes the position of inferiority in a friendship, or pretends to be such and to more be more loving than he is being loved. Most people aim at being loved since this is akin to being honored. With friendship, there is love. Therefore, friendship does a lot of justice by making everyone feel honored. If people did not the terms that bind them in various forms of friendships, there would be no need for justice. From the arguments that Aristotle makes, friendship and justice appear to be concerned with similar objects, and expressed between the same persons. In Aristotles view, there is thought to be a certain form of justice as well as friendship in every community. Friendship depends on community, and brothers and comrades tend to have many things in common, including, in some cases, property. Aristotle ventures into what appears like a contradiction when he says that claims of justice tend to differ. However, he makes his argument clear by giving examples of duties of parents to children, as well as those of brothers to each other, which he says are never the same. The same case applies to the duties of comrades and their fellow citizens. The same case applies to all other kinds of friendships that exist. On the basis of this argument, it is possible for one to draw a parallel between the principles of justice and the principles of friendship. It appears that where one applies, the other cannot apply. Injustice increases when it is exhibited towards people who are considered friends in the fuller sense. For instance, it sounds more offensive to defraud a comrade than to defraud a fellow citizen. It is also more offensive to deny ones brother assistance than to refuse to help a stranger. It is more terrible for one to kill ones mother than to kill any other citizen. The demands of justice, therefore, appear to increase with the insensitivity of the level of friendship. This implies that there is a limit of friendship to which justice does not apply. It also implies that when there is justice, friendship becomes a necessity, such that when the concept of justice is introduced into a scenario where friendship is at play, both elements tend to have an equal extension. Aristotle also assesses the position of friendship vis-Ã  -vis that of justice by bringing into perspective the concept of constitution (119). He identifies three kinds of constitutions: monarchy, aristocracy, and timocracy or what many people refer to as polity. The best constitution, according to Aristotle, is monarchy, while the worst is timocracy. Although both monarchy and timocracy are a one-man rule systems, the main difference between them is that the tyrant looks at his own advantage while the king looks to the advantage of his subjects. Each of these constitutions may involve friendship just as much as it involves justice. The friendship that exists between the king and all his subjects is dependent on the benefits conferred, and Aristotle likens it to the friendship of the father to his son, the only difference being the greatness of all the benefits conferred. The reason why Aristotle brings into perspective the aspect of constitutionality is to shed light on the concept of friendship as it applies to governments. His arguments make the concept of friendship to predominate that of justice. At the same time, he seems to suggest that justice cannot take place in a vacuum there has to be a friendly relationship of sorts between all the participants in the legal process within a given jurisdiction. In the deviation-forms of constitution, justice hardly exists; the same case applies to friendship. In the least, friendship exists in its worst form, such that in a form of government such as tyranny, there is too little or no friendship at all. This is because of the lack of anything to be shared between the ruler and the ruled. Even if justice was to exist in such a type of constitution, people would not appreciate it since the spirit of friendship is lacking. In Aristotles view, in every form of friendship, there has to be some form of association. For instance, the friendship that exists between brothers and sisters is born out of a shared parentage and upbringing. Aristotle also carries the association debate even further, noting that friendships form the basis of humankinds very existence. Particularly, he indicates that man has a tendency to form couples and households more readily than even cities. He also notes that unlike animals, mans associations in the form of couples are not for reproduction purposes only, but for many other purposes in life. To this extent, the tendency to form marriages arise from not just pleasure but also utility. Through such illustrations, Aristotle provides a clear proof of the power of friendship over justice (138). Although friendships of utility are always full of complaints, this does not necessarily mean that an injustice has been committed against the complainant; rather, it is normal for the process of bargaining and haggling to be characterized by tough talk and claims of unfair pricing. No form of justice can be said to have taken place in such engagements, regardless of the outcome of the bargaining process. Everything is left in the hands of the two people who have become friends of convenience in order to transact business. In Aristotles view, two types of justices are worth considering for purposes of assessing their applicability to friendships: unwritten and legal justice. The legal type is one where the terms are fixed, while the unwritten one is the one where moral values are conventionally applied. Aristotles explanation of the applicability of both unwritten laws and legal laws is enlightening on the ways in which friendship takes the place of justice. In the same light, friendship is identified as necessary where the formal rules of justice require to be applied, for instance in the legal laws. In other words, even where legal laws have been put in place for political reasons, friendship is needed in order for the ethical aspects of justice to be put into consideration. Work Cited Aristotle, The Nicomachean Ethics (Translated by Ross, David. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980.

Oedipus Rex Essay

‘Oedipus the King,’ also known as ‘Oedipus Rex’ is one of the three Greek plays about Thebes written by Sophocles. In fact the plays form a trilogy (Oedipus Rex, Oedipus Colonus and Antigone) with the same characters. The plays are sometimes referred to as the ‘Oedipus Plays’ since Oedipus is the main character. Sophocles’ genius lies in the crafting of these plays, and their characters, almost bringing them to life. Throughout the course of ‘Oedipus Rex’ he expresses the power of fate and predestination that leads the characters astray. In fact, it was the stubborn belief in superstitions and prophecies that Sophocles highlights. Both the heroes, Oedipus and Creon are popular tragic heroes of Greek mythology. Oedipus is bright and has profound intellect, but at the same time is quick to make rash decisions without much thought. Creon though is depicted as a man of reason, much more subtle, unlike the brash Oedipus. The play begins with Oedipus ruling Thebes with a firm hand. The people believe him to be their savior because Oedipus is the one who saves them from the curse of the Sphinx, a half female half lion monster, by solving her riddle. King Lauis who ruled before Oedipus had left Thebes for a while under the kingship of Creon. But King Lauis is killed. Meanwhile Creon offers his sister’s hand in marriage to anyone who could rid the city of the Sphinx by solving her riddle. It is Oedipus who is able to solve it, marries Jocosta (Creon’s sister), and gains rule of part of Thebes. From the beginning Oedipus is aware of that there is some curse on him. He learns from an oracle that he is destined to kill his father and mate with his own mother. But it is his over-bearing belief in this curse that eventually results in his fall. At the beginning of the play Oedipus is shown to have great strength of character and will, and is a man of understanding. People have a high regard for him and fear him the same. But the one weakness that lied in Oedipus was his impulsiveness. Throughout the play are numerous instances where Oedipus makes rash decisions, and is quick to jump to conclusions without much thought. His vanity leads him to kill Lauis over a mere brawl. Later when the blind prophet Tiresias warns him not to investigate the murder of Lauis, Oedipus is incensed and argues that Tiresias himself is the murderer. When the prophet reveals the truth, Oedipus is enraged, accusing the old man of corruption. He is bent on believing that Creon wants to seize power until he realizes that Creon himself chooses not to rule even thought he has the right to a third of Thebes. When Jocasta kills herself, Oedipus gouges his eyes with her broaches blinding himself in despair. And when he does learn the truth, he demands his own exile out of shame and disgust. Sophocles portrays Oedipus as a man of honor and dignity, a matter of prime importance to ancient Greeks. He was also a man of great intellect – another feature admired by them. The riddle of the Sphinx was baffling to say the least, but it was only Oedipus who could solve it. What is the creature that walks on four legs in the morning, two legs at noon, and three in the evening? † To this Oedipus replies, â€Å"Man† (who crawls on all fours as a baby, walks upright later, and needs a walking stick in old age)[1]. Oedipus, in fact was a typical hero in every sense of the word. He was short-tempered, proud, and stubborn, with unflinching dedication and loyalty. He had a strong conscience, an intelligent mind and passion to do good for his people and his city. But worst of all was his inability to see clearly. Sophocles describes this by using a theme of ‘sight and blindness’ in the play often. Oedipus can see, but remains blind to reality. In contrast, the old prophet can see clearly even though he is blind. Such themes were often a part of Greek mythology. But the theme of blindness has special importance in Oedipus Rex – at times literal, at times metaphorical. Later when Oedipus learns that Jocasta has killed herself, and when he does learn that he fulfilled the prophecy, he blinds himself out of guilt, and anger at not being able to see or think clearly. Oedipus is over-bearing in many ways, and it is his over-bearing sense of self that misleads him so easily. After blinding himself he leaves to spend the rest of his life in exile, with the aid of his daughter Antigone. Creon, Jocosta’s brother, and Oedipus’ relative and friend stands in sharp contrast to Oedipus. In Oedipus Rex Creon plays the role of a calm and controlled man with a mind that reasons. Creon is a close friend of Oedipus, but that too does not keep the headstrong Oedipus from suspecting that Creon wanted to rule Thebes. Creon though claims that he is not interested in ruling Thebes, and that Oedipus is only a king in name, since he has the right to as much of Thebes as Oedious himself. He represents a semblance of diplomacy and stability. In fact, these were the very things lacking in Oedipus. Creon also shows traits of being much more reasonable. An example is when Creon brings news from the oracle and wishes to tell it to Oedipus is person. Oedipus though is insistent that it be told in public, not keeping anything from anyone. One can see various instances where the two heroes are opposing in their approaches, and manner of dealing with situations. While Oedipus can be called childish and haughty, Creon was much more clear-headed and foresighted. But there were some things that the two heroes shared in common. Both had won the hearts of the people, were respected, and loved the city of Thebes. They were also very keen followers of the Greek gods. Since most Greek mythology was built around gods and goddesses, they played a crucial role ion determining the course of the story. In fact the theme of gods and of predestination plays a key role in Oedipus Rex. Oedipus is always wary of his curse told to him by an oracle. He seeks help from Apollo to determine the cause of the plague. Creon too follows the will of the gods. When Oedipus demands to be exiled, Creon waits for approval from the gods before taking any action. It is worth mentioning here that if Oedious Rex and Antigone are compared, one can see that both the kings accuse the old prophet Tiresias of corruption when he tells them that the gods are against them. But there is also a clear difference that follows. While Creon tries to change, and amend his wrongdoings, Oedipus remains ‘blind’ and refuses to acknowledge his mistakes. Eventually, Oedipus is left wandering blind and lonely, while he leaves his daughters in Creon’s care.

SME Challenges to Access to Finance

1. SMEs usually have limited financial resources compared to a large company. Often it is hard to finance the standard model for software process improvement (SPI) activities. They try to avoid excessive overhead for the full custom standard process implementation. 2. The proven best practices for the large companies might be too expensive or time consuming to perform in SMEs because of their limited resources and business model. 3. The majority of small companies are independently financed. That causes a tight financial situation for many small businesses. So they can’t always afford to buy required expertise that possesses the skills required in a particular position. 4. A first step toward process improvement is identifying the strengths and weaknesses of organization software processes. For this, an assessment to examine the processes against a reference model which helps to determine the processes capability to meet the required quality, cost, and schedule goals is required, but small companies have difficulty running those. 5. The small size of a company not only causes for the challenges of networking, marketing and business issues for small software companies. It also creates problems for gaining and leveraging technological know-how. 6. Large companies can improve the work efficiency using all needed toolkits. Small company also need these tools in every step of software process but high licensing costs often put their project cost over expectable levels. 7. SMEs suffer from the lack of literature and publications describing efforts on an improvement initiative. But adoption of internationally accepted software process practices is essential for the success of all software companies to compete in the global software development market. 8. Many SMEs have multiple business operations like service, product, and consultancy. A given employee may have to change the projects more frequently. This leads to additional challenges to improve the required level of competence for different projects with different technologies. 9. A given employee of SMEs may simultaneously play multiple roles. For that, he may ignore tasks or consider many tasks as low priority. Thus many important tasks may be left undone. In some cases, these tasks may be contradictory or mutually exclusive (e. g. A person is responsible for product cost reduction and improvement of customer service simultaneously). 10. In SMEs the average project duration is shorter than in large companies. Manager faces challenges to reallocate employees more frequently to different projects.

Essay about The Development of Cognitive Psychology

Describe the ways in which philosophy, linguistics, and artificial intelligence have contributed to the development of cognitive psychology. Cognitive psychology is the segment of psychology that explores internal mental processes such as visual processing, memory, problem solving, and language. Cognitive psychology also focuses on information processing and the method of how people store, manipulate and use information (Barsalou, 2005). With an emphasis on thought processes, cognitive psychology also explores and discusses thinking and knowledge acquisition as conceptual terms. Well known contributors to the fields, such as Jean Piaget, are especially concerned with the development of cognition and formed stage theories to explain†¦show more content†¦Linguistics has impacted cognitive psychology as the quest to understand language acquisition and the structure of language itself is undertaken. Linguistics is a complex and multifaceted; it includes language structural patterns and language development (Barsalou, 2005). The process of language development is complicated and dense, as the study of language is examined; the role of cognition is inherently examined and analyzed. Sternberg (2006) also explores language as an innate process and presents the idea that humans are born ready for language as a biological and cognitive process. The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on cognitive psychology is an extremely interesting and relevant idea. New trends in technology and the explosion of new devices that think and learn allow cognitive psychologists the opportunity to examine some process and simulations executed by AI under constructed conditions (Sternberg, 2006). Also psychologists can utilize AI to test and develop theories and methods that would not be practical in real time. 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